NCERT Solutions for Chapter 9 Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Civics
Urban livelihood means the people who lives in the city. In order to live a decent life with basic amenities, they perform various different kinds of jobs. There are thousands of people coming to cities from villages every day in search of better jobs and wages. The people of cities work hard every day to maintain their living standards. There are small offices and shops in the urban market that provide services, including banks, courier services, and others. There are many daily wage workers in the city. The men work as helpers for the mansons. The garment industry employs a number of urban residents. There are a large number of businessperson who owns shop. There are many factories where people work as per their efficiency and they get paid on the daily basis for it. It is not permanent work. On the other hand, in the office employees get paid on the monthly basis and its nature is often permanent. So, in cities people work according to their knowledge and skills and earn money to live their lives.
Chapter Name | Urban Livelihoods NCERT Solutions |
Class | CBSE Class 6 |
Textbook Name | Civics |
Related Readings |
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Answer the following questions briefly.
Question 1: Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk.
Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation and so sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs. 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safekeeping, and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safely and also offer loans to labourers in need.
Answer
At labour chowks, daily wage workers wait with their tools for people to come and take them for work. The labour has usually migrated from the rural areas in search of employment and since they are so poor they cannot afford to have permanent shelters in the urban areas. Therefore, they are forced to live on streets and pavements and keep their tools at nearby shops. They are not given basic health facilities and face difficulties every day. They work on their own. They are not employed by anyone and therefore, have to organize their own work. Often people who make a living in the city are forced to set up their homes on streets or stay in night shelters by paying money every time they go in there.
Question 2: Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:
|
Name |
Place of work |
Earnings |
Security of work |
Benefits received |
Work on their own or employed |
|
Bachchu manjhi |
|
Rs. 100 per day |
|
|
|
|
Harpreet vandana |
|
|
|
|
Work on their own |
|
Nirmala |
|
|
No security |
|
|
|
sudha |
company |
Rs. 30000 per month |
|
|
|
Answer
|
Name |
Place of work |
Earnings |
Security of work |
Benefits received |
Work on their own or employed |
|
Bachchu manjhi |
Cycle- rickshaw puller |
Rs. 100 per day |
No job security |
No benefits received |
Work on his own |
|
Harpreet vandana |
Garments showroom |
Good income |
Yes, obtained license to do business |
Growth in business is guaranteed |
Work on their own |
|
Nirmala |
Garment factory |
Rs. 80 per day for 8 hours and Rs. 40 extra for working late |
No security |
Gets Rs. 40 per hour for overtime |
employed |
|
sudha |
company |
Rs. 30000 per month |
Fully secured job |
Medical facilities for her family,holiday. savings for old age |
employed |
The work of all the three persons are different on the basis of the following parameters: 1. Place of work 2. Earnings 3. Security of work 4. Benefits Received 5. Work on their own or employed.
Question 3: In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.
Answer
Regular and permanent job is completely secured and regular employees receives fixed income. Regular or permanent workers attend same office or factory regularly. Their work is clearly identified. They get a regular salary. Unlike casual workers they will not be asked to leave if the company or factory does not have much work. Their job-time is defined and they also get paid holidays and other benefits from their employers.
Casual job, on the other hand is totally unsecured and there is no fixed income. Casual workers' jobs aren't permanent. If they complain about their pay or working conditions, they are asked to leave. There is no job security or protection is there is ill treatment. They are also expected to work for longer hours. Forget the additional benefits, they have not been provided even the basic amenities.
Question 4: What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?
Answer
Sudha works as a marketing manager in a company which manufactures biscuits. She gets a regular salary and is a permanent worker with the company. She can expect her job to continue for a long time. Being a permanent worker, she also gets other benefits such as the following:
Savings for old age: A part of her salary is kept in a fund with the government. She will earn interests on these savings. When she retires from this job, she will get this money and she can live on that.
Holidays: She gets off on Sundays and national holidays. She also gets some days as annual leave.
Medical facilities for her family: Her company pays the medical expenses up to a certain amount for her and her family members. She gets medical leave if she falls ill and her salary is not cut if she takes this leave.
Question 5: Fill in the following table to show the services provided by people in the markets which you visit frequently.
|
Name of the shop or office |
Nature of the service provided |
|
________ |
________ |
|
________ |
________ |
|
________ |
________ |
|
________ |
________ |
Answer
|
Name of the shop or office |
Nature of the service provided |
|
SAI Electrical
|
Provides electronic Items
|
|
Asian Net café
|
Provides internet connectivity at the shop |
|
RS Services Pvt. Ltd |
DTH and cable operator
|
|
Mother Dairy |
Milk and other dairy products
|
|
ASJ Ration shop
|
Provides ration and other grocery items
|
|
Friends Gift Shop
|
Gift items
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