Frank Solutions for Chapter 10 Endocrine System Class 10 Biology ICSE
Exercise
1. Name the following:
(i) Gland secreting growth hormone
Pituitary gland
(ii) Growth hormone
Somatotropic
(iii) Hormone regulating metamorphosis
Thyroxine
(iv) Gland secreting insulin
Pancreas
(v) The largest endocrine gland
Liver
(vi) Gland secreting adrenaline
Adrenal gland
(vii) Anterior lobe of pituitary
Adenohypophysis
(viii) Posterior lobe of pituitary
Neurohypophysis
(ix) The hormone that controls the basal metabolic rate
Thyroxine
2. Give the special function of the following:
(i) Somatotropic hormone
(ii) Thyroid stimulating hormone
(iii) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
(iv) Gonadotrophic hormone
(v) Insulin hormone
(vi) Corpus luteum
(vii) Glucagon hormone
Answer
(i) Somatotropic hormone
(ii) Thyroid stimulating hormone
(iii) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
(iv) Gonadotrophic hormone
(v) Insulin hormone
(vi) Corpus luteum
(vii) Glucagon hormone
Answer
(i) Somatotropic Hormone – It is essential for the normal growth of an organism.
(ii) Thyroid stimulating hormone – It stimulates the activity as well as the growth of thyroid glands.
(iii) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone – It stimulates the activity of adrenal cortex.
(iv) Gonadotrophic hormone – It promotes the growth of ovarian follicles in females and the growth of sperms in males.
(v) Insulin hormone – It lowers the blood sugar level.
(vi) Corpus luteum – It secretes progesterone.
(vii) Glucagon hormone – It raises the blood sugar level.
(ii) Thyroid stimulating hormone – It stimulates the activity as well as the growth of thyroid glands.
(iii) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone – It stimulates the activity of adrenal cortex.
(iv) Gonadotrophic hormone – It promotes the growth of ovarian follicles in females and the growth of sperms in males.
(v) Insulin hormone – It lowers the blood sugar level.
(vi) Corpus luteum – It secretes progesterone.
(vii) Glucagon hormone – It raises the blood sugar level.
3. Select the odd one out of the following:
(i) TSH, ACTH, Insulin
(ii) FSH, LH, STH
(iii) Adenohypophysis, Neurohypophysis, Islets of Langerhans
(iv) Insulin, Glucagon, STH
(v) Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Insulin
Answer
(i) TSH, ACTH, Insulin
(ii) FSH, LH, STH
(iii) Adenohypophysis, Neurohypophysis, Islets of Langerhans
(iv) Insulin, Glucagon, STH
(v) Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Insulin
Answer
(i) Insulin
(ii) STH
(iii) Islets of Langerhans
(iv) STH
(v) Insulin
(ii) STH
(iii) Islets of Langerhans
(iv) STH
(v) Insulin
4. Expand the following biological abbreviations:
(i) FSH
(i) FSH
(ii) LTH
Answer
Answer
(i) FSH – Follicle stimulating hormone
(ii) LTH – Luteotropic hormone
5. Label the following diagram
Answer
6. Match the terms of column I with those of column II:
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Adenohypophysis | (a) Thyroxine |
| (ii) Neurohypophysis | (b) STH |
| (iii) Thyroid | (c) Oxytocin |
| (iv) Adrenaline | (d) Insulin |
| (v) Islets of Langerhans | (e) Noradrenaline |
Answer
| (i) Adenohypophysis | (b) STH |
| (ii) Neurohypophysis | (c) Oxytocin |
| (iii) Thyroid | (a) Thyroxine |
| (iv) Adrenaline | (e) Noradrenaline |
| (v) Islets of Langerhans | (d) Insulin |
7. Which one of the following statements is true/ false?
(i) Diabetes is caused due to insulin deficiency.
True
(ii) Insulin is secreted by thyroid.
False
(iii) Islets of Langerhans are found in the brain.
False
(iv) Adrenaline is secreted by pituitary.
False
(v) The pituitary gland is both exocrine and endocrine in function.
False
8. Define the following:
(i) Hormone
(ii) Endocrine gland
(iii) Exocrine gland
(iv) Hypothyroidism
(v) Hyperglycemia
(vi) Hypersecretion
(i) Hormone
(ii) Endocrine gland
(iii) Exocrine gland
(iv) Hypothyroidism
(v) Hyperglycemia
(vi) Hypersecretion
Answer
(i) Hormone - The secretions of endocrine glands which are carried by blood to the target organs are called hormones.
(i) Hormone - The secretions of endocrine glands which are carried by blood to the target organs are called hormones.
(ii) Endocrine gland - The glands without ducts which secrete hormones are called endocrine glands.
(iii) Exocrine gland - The glands with ducts which secrete enzymes are called exocrine glands.
(iv) Hypothyroidism - It is the under secretion of thyroxine by thyroid gland which leads to retarded growth and mental development in infants.
(v) Hyperglycemia - Increase in blood sugar level is called hyperglycemia.
(vi) Hypersecretion - The over activity of any gland leads to over secretion of hormones called hypersecretion.
9. Name the hormone produced by the following glands giving one function of each:
(i) Thyroid
(i) Thyroid
(ii) Pancreas
(iii) Adrenal medulla
Answer
Answer
| Name of Gland | Hormone | Function |
| (i) Thyroid | Thyroxine | It controls the absorption of glucose in the body. |
| (ii) Pancreas | Insulin | It lowers the blood glucose by utilizing glucose by utilizing glucose for the release of energy. |
| (iii) Adrenal medulla | Adrenaline | It nrings rapid physiological responses to emergencies such as any danger or fear |
10. Define the following:
(i) Diabetes mellitus
(ii) Beta cells
(iii) Exophthalmic goiter
(iv) Releasing hormones
(i) Diabetes mellitus
(ii) Beta cells
(iii) Exophthalmic goiter
(iv) Releasing hormones
Answer
(i) Diabetes mellitus - Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the deficiency of insulin hormone.
(ii) Beta cells - Beta cells are the cells of pancreas that secrete insulin.
(iii) Exophthalmic goitre - The over activity of thyroid gland leads to its enlargement, producing a big swelling in the neck region called exophthalmic goiter.
(iv) Releasing hormones - A substance produced by the hypothalamus that is capable of accelerating the secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.
11. Which glands are responsible for the following disease?
(i) Goitre
(i) Goitre
(ii) Diabetes mellitus
(iii) Gigantism
(iv) Diabetes insipidus
(iv) Diabetes insipidus
(v) Cretinism
(vi) Exophthalmic goiter
Answer
Answer
| Disease | Name of Gland |
| (i) Goitre | Thyroid |
| (ii) Diabetes mellitus | Pancreas |
| (iii) Gigantism | Pituitary gland |
| (iv) Diabetes insipidus | Pancreas |
| (v) Cretinism | Thyroid |
| (vi) Exophthalmic goitre | Thyroid |
12. Name the hormone which controls (reduces) the level of glucose in blood, and the gland which secretes it?
Answer
Insulin secreted by pancreas controls the level of glucose in blood.
13. Explain briefly, why adrenaline is called the emergency hormone?
Answer
Adrenaline is called an emergency hormone because it brings rapid physiological responses
to emergencies like danger, fear or other situations requiring vigorous action.
to emergencies like danger, fear or other situations requiring vigorous action.
14. Name the hormones secreted by the following glands:
(i) Anterior pituitary
(ii) Testes
(iii) Ovary
(iv) Adrenal cortex
(v) Pancreas
Answer
(i) Anterior pituitary
(ii) Testes
(iii) Ovary
(iv) Adrenal cortex
(v) Pancreas
Answer
| Name of the Gland | Hormones |
| (i) Anterior Pituitary |
a. Growth hormone/somatotropin b. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone c. Thyroid stimulating hormone d. Gonadotrophic hormone e. Luteotrophic hormone |
| (ii) Testes | a. Testosterone |
| (iii) Ovary |
a. Oestrogen b. Progesterone |
| (iv) Adrenal cortex |
a. Adrenaline b. Noradrenaline |
| (v) Pancreas |
a. Insulin b. Glucaqon |
15. Make a table indicating the glands, hormones produced, their main functions and diseases caused due to their hypo and hypersecretions
Answer
Answer
16. Write briefly about
(i) Exophthalmic goitre (symptoms and cause).
(ii) Diabetes mellitus (symptoms and cause).
Answer
(i) Exophthalmic goitre (symptoms and cause).
(ii) Diabetes mellitus (symptoms and cause).
Answer
(i) Exophthalmic goitre: It is caused due to over activity of thyroid gland.
Symptoms are: Enlargement and protrusion of the gland below the chin, increased pulse rate, nervousness and bulging of the eyes.
Symptoms are: Enlargement and protrusion of the gland below the chin, increased pulse rate, nervousness and bulging of the eyes.
(ii) Diabetes mellitus: It is caused due to less secretion of the insulin hormone.
Symptoms are: Frequent urination, Sudden weight gain or weight loss, Excessive thirst and hunger.
Symptoms are: Frequent urination, Sudden weight gain or weight loss, Excessive thirst and hunger.
17. Write brief statement explaining the following: People living in hilly region usually suffer from simple goitre.
Answer
In hilly region, water has less iodine which is required for the production of thyroxine. So
due to the deficiency of thyroxine, people suffer from goiter.
due to the deficiency of thyroxine, people suffer from goiter.
18. Insulin is injected into the body of a highly diabetic patient and not given orally. Comment
Answer
Answer
Insulin is a protein hormone and if it is given orally it would be digested upon by the protein digesting enzymes in the alimentary canal.
19. (i) Name the endocrine cells present in the pancreas.
(ii) Name two hormones secreted by the above mentioned cells.
(iii) Mention one main function of each hormone named above.
Answer
(ii) Name two hormones secreted by the above mentioned cells.
(iii) Mention one main function of each hormone named above.
Answer
(i) The endocrine cells present in pancreas are: alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells.
(ii) Insulin and glucagon.
(iii) Insulin – It lowers the glucose level in the blood.
Glucagon – It raises the level of glucose in the blood.
(ii) Insulin and glucagon.
(iii) Insulin – It lowers the glucose level in the blood.
Glucagon – It raises the level of glucose in the blood.
20. Name the hormone responsible for the following functions:
(i) Increase in heartbeat
Adrenaline
(ii) Maintains glucose level in the blood
Insulin
(iii) Converting glycogen to glucose
Glucagon
(iv) Regulates basal metabolism
Thyroxine
(v) Ossification of bones
Calcitonin
(vi) Prepares the body during emergency
Adrenaline
(vii) Responsible for normal growth of the whole body
Growth stimulating hormone
(viii) Regulates the functioning of the male and female reproductive organs
Sex corticoids
(ix) Increased reabsorption of water in the kidneys
Antidiuretic hormone
(x) Increased blood supply to muscles.
Non adrenaline
21. Choose the correct answer:
(i) Which one of the following is a hormone deficiency disease?
(a) Scurvy
(a) Scurvy
(b) Diabetes
(c) Cancer
(d) Malaria
Answer
Answer
(b) Diabetes
(ii) Adrenaline is secreted by
(a) thymus
(a) thymus
(b) adrenal gland
(c) islets of Langerhans
(d) thyroid
Answer
(b) adrenal gland
(iii) A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function is
(a) pituitary
(a) pituitary
(b) adrenal
(c) thyroid
(d) pancreas
Answer
(d) pancreas
(iv) Excess secretion of growth hormone causes
(a) myxodema
(a) myxodema
(b) gigantism
(c) pneumonia
(d) goiter
Answer
(b) gigantism
(v) Hormone secreted by islets of Langerhans.
(a) Insulin
(b) ACTH
(c) TSH
(d) STH
(a) Insulin
(b) ACTH
(c) TSH
(d) STH
Answer
(a) Insulin
(a) Insulin
(vi) Which one of the following is not an endocrine gland?
(a) Thyroid
(b) Liver
(c) Pancreas
(d) Thymus
(a) Thyroid
(b) Liver
(c) Pancreas
(d) Thymus
Answer
(b) Liver
(b) Liver
(vii) An organ, tissue or cell where a hormone produces its effects is known as
(a) effector
(b) imitator
(c) target
(d) all the above
(a) effector
(b) imitator
(c) target
(d) all the above
Answer
(c) target
(c) target
(viii) Diabetes mellitus disease is caused due to
(a) over secretion of insulin
(b) over secretion of glycogen
(c) under secretion of insulin
(d) under secretion of both
(a) over secretion of insulin
(b) over secretion of glycogen
(c) under secretion of insulin
(d) under secretion of both
Answer
(c) under secretion of insulin
(c) under secretion of insulin
(ix) Insulin is secreted by
(a) beta cells of pancreas
(b) alpha cells of pancreas
(c) delta cells of pancreas
(d) none of the above
(a) beta cells of pancreas
(b) alpha cells of pancreas
(c) delta cells of pancreas
(d) none of the above
Answer
(a) beta cells of pancreas
(a) beta cells of pancreas
(x) Which hormone produces energy producing effect in the body?
(a) FSH
(b) growth hormone
(c) adrenalin
(d) glucagon
(a) FSH
(b) growth hormone
(c) adrenalin
(d) glucagon
Answer
(d) glucagon
(xi) Corpus luteum produces
(a) oestradial
(b) testosterone
(c) progesterone
(d) cortisol
Answer
(a) oestradial
(b) testosterone
(c) progesterone
(d) cortisol
Answer
(c) progesterone