ICSE Solutions for Chapter 3 Tissues: Plant and Animal Tissue Class 9 Biology Selina
Progress Check
1. What are the two basic types of plant tissues?
Solution
The two basic types of plant tissues are:
(i) Meristematic tissue
(ii) Permanent tissue
2. Give the technical terms for the following:
(i) The category of plant tissues that have lost their ability to multiply
(ii) The kind of plant cells with thin walls and usually a single large vacuole.
(iii) Elongated cells which are thickened at the corners
(iv) The two types of tissues which provide the upward movement of water and dissolved materials from the roots to other parts of the plant
Solution
Technical terms for the given statement:
(i) Permanent tissue
(ii) Parenchyma
(iii) Collenchyma
(iv) Conducting tissue - Xylem and phloem
3. Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
(i) Phloem cells carry manufactured food from leaves to other parts.
(ii) Veins of leaves have both xylem and phloem
(iii) The older xylem tissue does not participate in transport
(iv) The sclerenchyma consists of actively dividing cells.
Solution
(i)The statement is true.
(ii)The statement is true.
(iii)The statement is true.
(iv) The statement is false. Sclerenchyma consists of dead cells.
4. Name the kind of animal tissue in which
(i) Cells are flat, cuboidal or columnar, forming protective layer.
(ii) Cells produce and pour out chemical substance
(iii) Cells can contract and relax
(iv) Cells can conduct impulses.
Solution:
(i) Epithelial tissue
(ii) Glandular epithelium tissue
(iii)Muscular tissue
(iv) Nervous tissue
2. Give one example of each of the following tissues where they are located.
(i) Ciliated columnar epithelium
(ii) Elastic cartilage
(iii) Unstriated muscles
Solution
Examples for the tissue where they are located:
(i) Ciliated columnar epithelium— Lining of the wind pipe (trachea)
(ii) Elastic cartilage— It is found in the epiglottis, pinna and external auditory canal of the ear
(iii) Unstriated muscles— walls of intestine, muscles of the iris of the eye
3. Write one specialty of each one of the following:
(i) Cartilage
(ii) Bone
(iii) Striated muscle
(iv) Cardiac muscle
Solution
(i) Cartilage: Non-porous tissue that has thickened intercellular substance (matrix). It does not have blood vessels or nerves rather is elastic and semi-transparent.
(ii) Bone: It is a hard and porous tissue. Consists of osteoblasts (living cells) and a rigid mass of inorganic salts.
(iii) Striated muscle: They are under control of will and are composed if long fibers that are striated (dark and light band of fibers running across the fiber) and nucleated
(iv) Cardiac muscle: Involuntary in nature, found only in the wall of the heart. These muscles can contract without exterior stimulation and yet not get fatigued.
4. Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
(i) Axons of nerve cells are very long.
(ii) Dendrons bundled together form a nerve.
(iii) Cardiac muscles get tired soon.
(iv) Epithelial cells leave space in between.
(v) Perikaryon is the nucleus of a nerve cell.
(vi) Muscles of the iris of the eye are of voluntary type.
(vii) Cartilage has no blood vessels or the nerves in it.
Solution
(i) The statement is true.
(ii)The statement is false. Dendrons bundles together form a nerve.
(iii)The statement is false. They can contract without exterior stimulation and yet not get fatigued
(iv)The statement is false. They fit tight leaving no space.
(v)The statement is true.
(vi)The statement is false. They are of involuntary type.
(vii)The statement is true.
A. Multiple Choice Type
1. In potato, starch is stored in:
(a) Sclerenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Parenchyma
(d) Chlorenchyma
Solution
(c) Parenchyma
Parenchyma has thin walled cells. They have small vacuoles and store starch granules
2. Tendons and ligaments are examples of
(a) Fibrous connective tissue
(b) Cartilage
(c) Muscular tissue
(d) Adipose tissue
Solution
(a) Fibrous connective tissue
They consist of fibers. The tendons connect muscle to bones and ligaments that connect bone to bone, firmly holding it.
3. Which one of the following pairs in correctly matched?
(a) Meristem — Actively dividing cells
(b) Xylem — Transport of food
(c) Phloem — Transport of water
(d) Sclerenchyma — storage of starch
Solution
(a) Meristem — Actively dividing cells
Meristematic tissue has cells which can multiply and produce new cells.
4. Parenchyma containing chloroplasts is known as:
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Aerenchyma
(c) Collenchyma
(d) Chlorenchyma
Solution
(a) Chlorenchyma
Chlorenchyma helps the leaf in the production of food by photosynthesis.
5. Annual rings are the number of:
(a) Internodes in a stem
(b) Rings of vascular bundles in a monocot stem
(c) Barks layers in a woody stem
(d) Layers of xylem in a stem
Solution
(d) Layers of xylem in a stem
Annual rings are the xylem rings. They determine the age of the tree.
6. Which of the following cells in plants are said to be nonliving?
(a) Meristem
(b) Parenchyma
(c) Collenchyma
(d) Sclerenchyma
Solution
(d) Sclerenchyma
It consists of dead cells.
7. Which of the following connects a muscle to a bone?
(a) Cartilage
(b) Ligament
(c) Tendon
(d) Interstitial fluid
Solution
(c) Tendon
It is a fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone.
8. Cardiac muscle is:
(a) Involuntary
(b) Smooth
(c) Striated
(d) Involuntary and striated
Solution
(d) Involuntary and striated
Cardiac muscles are found in the walls of the heart only.
B. Very Short Answer Type
1. Name the kind of tissue found
(a) At the tip of plant roots.
(b) At the lower surface of leaf.
(c) In the inner lining of intestine
(d) At the joint between two long bones
(e) In the walls of the veins of leaves
(f) As gritty masses in the skin of pears.
Solution
Kind of tissue found:
(a) The apical or terminal meristem is present at the tip of plant roots.
(b) At the lower surface of the leaf, the epidermis (protective tissue) is found.
(c) The columnar epithelium (Epithelial tissue) is present in the inner lining of the intestine.
(d) The tissue present at the joint between two long bones is Ligament (Connective tissue).
(e) The vascular cambium is present in the walls of the veins of leaves
(f) The tissue found as gritty masses in the skin of pears is sclerids (supporting tissue).
2. Where is the least specialized tissue located in plants?
Solution
Parenchyma is the least specialized tissue located in plants. They produce and store nutrients and starch, and are located in roots, fruits, stem of the plant.
3. Give one word for each of the following:
(a) A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
(b) Cells least specialized in the plants.
(c) Cells responsible for increase in diameter of the stem and root of dicot plants.
Solution
(a) Tissue
(b) Parenchyma
(c) Cambium
4. Name one place each in living organisms where the following tissues are located:
(a) Meristematic tissue
(b) Cartilage
(c) Squamous epithelium
(d) Sclerenchyma
(e) Ciliated epithelium
(f) Ligament
Solution
(a) Tip of roots
(b) Tip of the nose
(c) Found lining the nasal and mouth cavities, blood vessels
(d) Veins of leaves
(e) Lining of trachea
(f) Bones
5. Name the kinds of cells found in the following places:
(a) Surface of the human skin
(b) Salivary gland
(c) Brain
(d) Inner lining of the wind pipe
Solution
(a) Surface of the human skin — epithelial
(b) Salivary gland — cuboidal epithelium
(c) Brain - Neuron
(d) Inner lining of the wind pipe — ciliated columnar epithelium
C. Short Answer Type
1. Name any one body part where ciliated epithelium is found in humans? What is its function?
Solution
It is found in the lining of the trachea. At the free ends, it has thread-like projections that emerge out known as cilia. The cilium lashes and moves the materials constantly that enter the organ.
2. What is the difference between the nervous tissue and the nervous system?
Solution
Differences between the nervous tissue and the nervous system:
|
Characteristics |
Nervous tissue |
Nervous system |
|
Constitute |
Made up of similar types of nerve cells. |
Nervous tissue together constitutes the nervous system which is an organ system. |
|
Function |
This tissue is concerned with perception and responses of animals. |
It controls and coordinates al the systems of the body. |
3. List the tissues found in the human heart?
Solution
The tissues found in the human heart are:
(i) Epithelial tissue (Lining of blood vessels of the heart)
(ii) Connective tissue (Fluid connective tissue in the form of red blood corpuscles)
(iii) Muscular tissue (Cardiac Muscles)
4. Can you consider a cluster of eggs as a tissue? Why?
Solution
A tissue is a group of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. An egg is a zygote or a cell but a cluster of eggs cannot be considered as a tissue as it does not form an organ like a tissue. Instead it gives rise to a new individual organism if gets fertilised.
5. Name the three kinds of muscles found in the human body. In each case, name one region in the body where they are found.
Solution
(i) Striated muscles: Provide the force for locomotion and all voluntary movements of the body. These muscles are found in the limbs.
(ii) Unstriated muscles: Provide movements for the passage of food in the intestines. These muscles are found in iris of the eye, lining of blood vessels, urinary bladder, etc.
(iii) Cardiac muscles: Provide rhythmic contraction and relaxation movements. These muscles are found only in the heart.
D. Long Answer Type
1. What is the difference between:
(i) Cell and tissue?
(ii) Organ and organism?
(iii) Organ and organelle?
(iv) Organ and organ system?
Solution
(i) Difference between Cell and Tissue
|
Cell |
Tissue |
|
Cell is the structural and functional unit of all living beings. |
Tissue is a group of similar cells which perform a specific function. |
|
Example: Epithelial cell |
Example: Nervous tissue |
(ii) Difference between Organ and Organism
|
Organ |
Organism |
|
Several tissue together contribute to specific functions inside the body and constitute an organ. |
Parts of the cell that have a definite function in the cell. |
|
Example: Stomach |
Example: Human Beings |
(iii) Difference between Organ and Organelle
|
Organ |
Organelle |
|
Several tissue together contribute to specific functions inside the body and constitute an organ. |
Parts of the cell that have a definite function in the cell. |
|
Example: Stomach |
Example: Mitochondria |
(iv) Difference between Organ and Organ System
|
Organ |
Organ System |
|
Several tissue together contribute to specific functions inside the body and constitute an organ. |
Many organs act together to perform specific life process and constitute an organ |
|
Example: Stomach |
Example: Digestive System |
2. Differentiate between cells of:
(a) Parenchyma and collenchyma
(b) Meristematic tissue and permanent tissue
(c) Sclerenchyma and parenchyma
(d) Cells of involuntary and voluntary tissue
(e) Fibers of voluntary muscle and cardiac muscle
Solution
(a) Difference between Parenchyma and Collenchyma
|
Parenchyma |
Collenchyma |
|
Consists of large thin-walled living cells with a single large vacuole. |
Consists of elongated cells having |
|
Intercellular spaces may or may not be present. |
Intercellular spaces are absent. |
(b) Difference between Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue
|
Meristematic Tissue |
Permanent Tissue |
|
Have the capacity to divide. |
Have lost the capacity to divide. |
|
Do not have intercellular spaces. |
Have large intercellular spaces. |
(c) Difference between Sclerenchyma and Parenchyma
|
Sclerenchyma |
Parenchyma |
|
Consist of dead cells |
Consist of living cells |
|
Have thick cell walls |
Have thin cell walls |
(d) Difference between Cells of Involuntary muscle and Cells of Voluntary muscle
|
Cells of Involuntary muscle |
Cells of Voluntary muscle |
|
Small and spindle-shaped |
Long and cylindrical |
|
Uninucleate |
Multinucleate |
|
Lack stripes or striations |
Show stripes or striations |
|
Found in the walls of the intestine and lining of blood vessels |
Found in the arms, legs, face and neck |
(e) Difference between Fibres of Voluntary muscle and Fibers of Cardiac muscle
|
Fibres of Voluntary muscle |
Fibers of Cardiac muscle |
|
Long and Cylindrical |
Short and Branched |
|
Multinucleate |
Uninucleate |
|
Under the control of one’s own will or violation |
Not under the control of one’s own will or violation |
|
Found in the arms, legs, face and neck |
Found in the heart |
E. Structured/Application Questions
1. Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Identify the tissue and give a reason to support your answer.
(b) Name the parts labeled 1,2,3 and 4.
(c) Where is this tissue likely to be found in the plant?
(d) State the function of the parts labeled 1,2,3 and 4.
Solution
(a) The diagram given is a section of a phloem tissue of a plant as the cells exhibit cellular contents.
(b) The following parts are labeled:
- 1- Sieve cell
- 2- Phloem parenchyma cell
- 3- companion cell
- 4-sieve plate
(c) In plants, phloem is likely to be found in the stem and leaves as it is the tissue that conducts food, the manufactured food in the leaves needs to be transported to other plant parts.
(d) Listed below are the functions of the labeled parts:
1: Sieve cell — assists in transporting food from leaves to storage structures and other plant parts.
2: Phloem parenchyma cell — Stores fat, starch and other organic food material
3: companion cell — Facilitates the functioning of the cells of sieve tube
4: sieve plate — Dissolved organic solutes and water permeates through these structures as it contains perforations
2. Study the diagram given below and the answer the questions that follow:
(b) Name the parts labeled 1,2,3,4,5, and 6.
(c) Where is this cell likely to be found in the human body and what is its function?
Solution
(a) The cell is the neuron or the nerve cell
(b) The labeled parts are:
1 — Dendrite
2— Axon
3 — Nucleus
4 — Perikaryon/Cyton
5 — Neurolemma
6 — Axon endings
(c) In human body, the nerve cell is observed in the nervous system.
Function:
(i) Transmission of messages from one to another body part.
(ii) It is linked with the response and perception of animals.