Selina Concise Ch 10 Nutrition ICSE Solutions Class 9 Biology

ICSE Solutions for Chapter 10 Nutrition Class 9 Biology Selina

Progress Check

1. Define malnutrition.

Solution

Malnutrition is the condition in which a person suffers due to lack or deficiency of one or more essential elements of food.

 

2. Categorise the following items into carbohydrates and proteins:

Cellulose, Starch, Egg albumen, Milk, Pea, Glycogen, Cane-sugar

Solution

Categorization of carbohydrates and Proteins:

Carbohydrates	Proteins
Cellulose	Egg albumen
Starch	Milk
Glycogen	Pea
Cane- Sugar

 

3. What is the approximate requirement of calories for the following:
(i)An adult physical labourer.
(ii)An active child of about six years.
(iii)An adult woman at complete rest.

Solution

The approximate requirement of calories is as follows:
(i)An adult physical labourer — 3500 Kcal/day
(ii)An active child of about six years — 1100 Kcal/day
(iii)An adult woman at complete rest — 1450 Kcal/day

 

Review Questions

A. Multiple Choice Type

1. Which one of the following pairs of nutrients includes both as simple sugars (monosaccharides)?
(a) Sugar and glucose
(b) Glucose and maltose
(c) Fructose and glucose
(d) Maltose and lactose

Solution

(c) Fructose and glucose
Glucose commonly known as grape-sugar and fructose commonly known as fruit sugar are simple sugars.

 

2. Which one of the following is the correct matching of a nutrient mineral element and its one rich source?
(a) Calcium – potato
(b) Sodium — Citrus fruits
(c) Iodine — Dairy milk
(d) Potassium — banana

Solution

(d) Potassium — banana
Banana is rich in potassium

 

3. Marasmus is due to deficiency of:
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Carbohydrates, fats and proteins
(c) Fat
(d) Food

Solution

(b) & (c) Carbohydrates, fats and proteins & Fat

Marasmus is caused due to deficiency of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

 

4. Fat soluble vitamins are:
(a) A.D and E
(b) B,C and D
(c) B,D and E
(d) A,B and C

Solution

(a) A, D, and E,
Vitamins A,D,E are fats soluble and can be stored in the body for a long period of time.

 

5. Which of the following is the best source of vitamin A:
(a) Apple
(b) Honey
(c) Carrot
(d) Peanuts

Solution

(c) Carrot
Carrots are rich in Vitamin A

 

6. Ascorbic acid is Vitamin:
(a) C
(b) D
(c) B
(d) A

Solution

(a) C
Fresh citrus fruits are a great source of Ascorbic acid rich with Vitamin C.

 

B. Very Short Answer Type

1. Mention whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)
(a) Cellulose in our food passes out undigested T/F
(b) Kwashiorkor is a severe vitamin deficiency disease T/F
(c) Lron is required for the proper working of thyroid T/F
(d) Foods protect us from disease and therefore antibiotics which protect us from disease are also foods. T/F
(e) Mineral salts contribute in regulating body processes. T/F

Solution

(a) T (True)

(b) F (False). Kwashiorkor is a severe protein deficiency disease.

(c) F (False). Iodine is required for the proper working of thyroid.

(d) F (False). Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system of the body, when it detects harmful substances called antigens.

(e) T (True)

 

2. Name the mineral element that is needed for the following respectively:
(i) Strong teeth
(ii) Proper working of thyroid
(iii) Synthesis of haemoglobin

Solution

The mineral element that is needed are:

(i) Fluorine
(ii) Iodine
(iii) Iron

 

3. Name the nutrients whose deficiencies cause the following diseases in humans:

(i) Pernicious anemia
(ii) Pellagra
(iii) Night blindness
(iv) Goiter
(v) kwashiorkor

Solution

(i) Pernicious anemia — Vitamin B₁₂
(ii) Pellagra — Vitamin B₃
(iii) Night blindness — Vitamin A
(iv) Goiter — Mineral Iodine
(v) Kwashiorkor — Proteins

 

4. Mark the odd one out in each of the following cases and name the category to which the others belong:

(i) Xerophthalmia, Marasmus, Pellagra, Scurvy.
(ii) Riboflavin, Thiamine, Folic acid, lodine.

Solution

The odd ones out and the category to which others belong are as tabulated below:

Odd ones	Name of the category to which others belong
Marasmus	Rest are vitamin deficiency diseases
lodine	Rest are Vitamins

 

C. Short Answer Type

1. Give two examples each of the following and their usefulness, if any, in our body.

(i) Monosaccharides
(ii) Disaccharides
(iii) Polysaccharides

Solution

Carbohydrates	Examples	Uses
(i) Monosaccharides	Glucose, Fructose	Glucose provides an instant source of energy. Fructose is needed for maintaining a healthy body
(ii) Disaccharides	Sucrose, Maltose	Sucrose is needed for good health. Maltose further broken down to produce glucose molecule which provides energy to the body
(iii) Polysaccharides	Cellulose, Glycogen	Cellulose acts as roughage which prevents constipation. Glycogen reserve carbohydrate in humans and stored in liver and muscles.

 

2. Define and give one example of a balanced diet.

Solution

Balanced diet is defined as the one which contains all the principal constituents of food in proper quantity.
Balanced diet is the one that provides at least 50% of energy from carbohydrate, 35% from fat, and 15% from protein. The precise optimal quantities of each nutrient will vary with age, sex and activity.

 

3. A doctor advises a bone patient to include more of milk and milk products in his everyday food. Why so?

Solution

Bones are generally made of calcium and iron. Milk and milk products are rich in calcium and Vitamin A. That is why, a doctor advises a bone patient to include more of milk and milk products in his everyday food to make his bones and teeth strong. Milk also prevents oxidation of Vitamin A. Calcium present in milk even helps in dotting of blood. Milk, is therefore a wholesome food.

 

D. Long Answer Type

1. List the six main purposes for which food is required by the body.

Solution

Purpose for which food is needed by the body:

1. Growth: Food is necessary for building new protoplasm or cells. This helps in the growth of an organism.
2. Repair: Food provides materials for the repair of worn out or damaged cells and tissues.
3. Energy: We obtain energy from food. This energy is required for carrying out various life functions.
4. Maintenance: Nutrients obtained through food help to maintain the chemical composition of cells.
5. Provision of raw materials: Raw materials required for the synthesis of products such as enzymes, hormones, sweat, milk, etc. are obtained through food.
6. Protection: Food provides protection from diseases and infection.

 

2. Why are proteins necessary in our food? Name one protein deficiency disease of young children.

Solution

Proteins are the body building foods. They provide the chemical material for the growth and repair of body cells and tissues. At the time of emergency, proteins can also be oxidized in the body to release energy.

Protein deficiency disease of young children: Kwashiorkor

3. Taking the examples of whole grain atta, fruit and green leafy vegetables, describe how roughage in our diet is useful.

Solution

Whole grain atta, fruits and green leafy vegetables are the chief sources of roughage.

1. Roughage does not provide any nutrients to our body. It still has nutritive value and is essential for the proper functioning of the gut.
2. It absorbs a lot of water and retains it. In this way, it keeps faecal matter soft preventing constipation.
3. It combines with intestinal waste and makes it bulky.
4. It helps in the formation of stools and helps our body to expel the undigested waste food.
5. Roughage expands the intestinal lumen and helps in slow and smooth movement of the food through the gastrointestinal tract. This movement is required for proper and complete digestion of food and for the elimination of intestinal waste.
6. Roughage stimulates secretion from the digestive tract and also helps in removal of cholesterol, fatty secretory substances and toxins from the body.

 

E. Structured/Application/Skill Type

1. Given below is an incomplete table of vitamins, their rich sources and the related deficiency diseases. Fill in the blanks [(i)-(viii)] with only one suitable word for each.

Vitamin	Rich source	Deficiency disease
(i) ____	Whole grain	Beri-beri
Niacin	Milk	(ii) ____
(iii) ___	(iv) ___	Scurvy
Calciferol	(v) ___	(vi) ____
(vii) ____	Carrot, yellow fruit	(viii) ___

Solution

Vitamin	Rich source	Deficiency disease
(i) Thiamine	Whole grain	Beri-beri
Niacin	Milk	(ii) Pellagra
(iii) Ascorbic acid	(iv) Citrus fruit	Scurvy
Calciferol	(v) Fish liver oil	(vi) Rickets
(vii) Retinol	Carrot, yellow fruit	(viii) Night blindness

2. Complete the following table by filling the blanks.

Mineral	Function	Rich source
Lodine	____	____
____	Formation of haemoglobin	____
Calcium	____	____
Potassium	____	____

Solution

Mineral	Function	Rich source
Lodine	Promotes the secretion of thyroxine by the thyroid gland	Iodised salt, sea foods
Iron	Formation of haemoglobin	Whole cereals, fish
Calcium	Allows muscle contraction and clotting of blood	Dairy foods, beans
Potassium	Controls nerve and muscle activity, fluid balance, secretion of neurotransmitter	Banana, Potato